Everything about Gomphothere totally explained
The
Gomphotheres are a diverse group of
extinct elephant-like animals (
proboscideans) that were widespread in
North America during the
Miocene and
Pliocene epochs, 12-1.6 million years ago. Some also lived in parts of
Eurasia and
Beringia, and until recently, in
South America. From about 5 million years ago onwards, they were slowly replaced by modern elephants, but the last species didn't finally become extinct until as recently as
400 CE.
A gomphothere has been identified in food remains of the early human settlement at
Monte Verde, Chile, dating to approximately 14,000 years ago.
Gomphotheres differed from elephants in their
tooth structure, particularly the chewing surfaces on the
molar teeth. Most had four
tusks, and their retracted facial and nasal bones prompt
paleontologists to believe that gomphotheres had elephant-like trunks. The early gomphotheres, such as
Phiomia, had elongated upper and lower jaws, with relatively short tusks. Two lineages appear to have arisen from these ancestors. One, including animals such as
Anancus, developed the short lower jaw typical of modern elephants, while the others, including
Platybelodon, developed the lower jaw into an elongated 'shovel', and shortened the upper jaw
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